The History Of Domestic Violence Social Work Essay

The History Of municipal Violence Social Work EssayDomestic Violence is a widespread problem both internationally and nationally (Tjaden and Tjaden, 2000 WHO, 2000 2002). In the united Kingdom al one and only(a) it has been report that one in four women grant startd internal supporter ab substance abuse, at whatever point in their lives (BMA 1998 Bacchus et al. 2002 and BCS 2006). These statistics bring do not represent the true context of the problem encountered by many professionals who whitethorn be in contact with these individuals and families. It has been widely report that with this being a sensitive topic and the nature of the subject, it has been under reported and therefore not truly representative of how serious the problem is (REF).To destine what interior(prenominal) violence is it whitethorn be helpful to understand what agreeable of behaviours it may entail. The Home Offices definition of domestic violence is Any disaster of threatening behaviour, violenc e or abuse (psychological, fleshly, sexual, monetary or unrestrained) among adults who argon or welcome been intimate partner in crimes or family members, regardless of sexual recitation or sexuality.The issue of domestic violence has no boundaries in regards to gender, age, sexuality, ethnicity, deterioration or socio economic status. Having said this, it has to be declargon that indeed some look for does suggest equal prevalence of both male and pistillate perpetrated violence (Straus et al. 1980 Mirrless-Black, 1999 and Morse, 1995). Re take care has suggested this has failed to account for some some other kinds of abuse and focuse generally on physical assaults. A large error in such studies is in their use of self-completion dubietynaires. The use of this tool has been criticised for the heavy emphasis on physical acts that assume been taken out of context (Yllo, 1988 Dobash and Dobash, 1992). Thus among acts of self-defence or attack, there is no discriminat ion nor in the take aim of impingement of the abuse or violence encountered. Mirrlees-Black (1999) however has recognised that the initial findings of her study that showed similar rates for men and women as victims of a cherry-red relationship may not mean that men ar as victimised in the same manner as women. After closing curtain examination she show that men interpreted and managed their experiences in a incompatible way to women. In accompaniment men were considerably less frightened, very much less injured, and least likely to seek professional help. There are cases of domestic abuse present in same sex relationships, or women as the aggressor towards men but historically, numerically and geographically the about occurring pattern is one of men and their violence towards women (Dobash and Dobash, 1992 and Mullender, 1996). Research has to a fault free-base that for women the impact of domestic abuse is greater emotionally, psychologically as intimately as physical ly (Walby and Allen, 2004 Watson and Parsons, 2005 Womens Aid and the Women Abuse Studies Unit, London 2001). In admittance it has also open up steadily that as many as one in three women go out experience domestic violence at some point in their lives (McGibbon et al. 1988 Mooney, 1994 Dominy and Radford, 1996).The presence of tykeren in a star sign has also shown an association with twice the risk of infection of domestic violence for women (Walby and Allen, 2004). In this sense boorren cannot help but be affected by their experiences of abuse. Hence, speckle the focus of study and correspondence has mostly been achieved in eliciting women and their views, of shelter workers and of other professionals, it has also pursued a line of investigation directly into childrens experience of contact to domestic violence (Buckley, Whelan and Holt, 2006 Hague and Mullender, 2006 Mullender et al., 2002 and McGee, 2000). A substantial amount of literary productions in this firmament exists which concentrates on the effects on children (Hague and Mullender, 2006 Hazen et al. 2006). Edleson (1999) has in fact engraft more(prenominal) than eighty studies in this area.Childhood is regarded as an definitive and substantive period in anyones life cadence. It is a time that should be guarded. culture and learning during this period should be nurtured and supported in the given environment. If the environment is tainted by fear and violence, the act itself of growing up becomes an onerous task. Osofsky (1995) found that exposure to violence can lead to reverting tooshie to childhood, also known as regressive symptoms such as bedwetting, hold up language development and anxiousness over separation from parents. Other researchers sire also found connect amongst domestic violence in spite of appearance a folk and children having learning and behavioural problems which can affect their health, emotional and behavioural well-being (Wolfe et al. 1988 and Mar golin, 1998).It is important to iterate that no researchers in this area have stated that domestic violence causes these maladaptive behaviours. Often where domestic violence occurs, other sociable problems have been known to also exist. Devaney (2008) found that domestic violence was present when parental substance and alcohol twist also existed. As you can see this starts to formulate a roughly less straight-forward area of research where many complexities are involved though serves to high stir up other risk factors which may be helpful to gestate at.Research in the area has also indicated that there are links between domestic violence and child abuse. Bancroft and Miller (2002) have found that there is a greater chance of a child experiencing physical or sexual abuse whilst living in a household where domestic violence occurs. Indication of how grave the issue is can be seen in a study by Walby (2004) who found that in 40% of child abuse cases there was also co-occurrence of domestic violence. This is advance supported by Hester et al. (1998) who suggested that domestic violence is contributory factor in half of all serious case surveils and 75% for those cases placed on the child protection register. This raises domestic violence as a child protection concern in the field of social work and olibanum has serious implications for practice.The high prevalence of domestic violence in child protection cases is not reflected in the same way in call of health care professionals who have discovered a much bring down proportion of domestic violence (Naumann et al. 1999 Mooney, 1993). The low rate of detection by professionals can perhaps be attributable to many factors. So furthest enquiry in this area has suggested that the level of knowledge a practitioner may hold with regards to domestic violence and abuse may be a crucial factor. Peckover (2003) goes further to highlight that professionals improper attitudes alongside a general absence of understand ing and training regarding domestic violence may also explain the low statistics in uncovering abuse. This highlights a significant gap in an area where research and early hindrance should be at its most robust. This could be explained that perhaps there is no infallible distinction or separation in both policy and practice of child abuse from woman abuse (Humphreys and Mullender, YEAR).A reason why the issue exists in such a context i.e. Childrens work, it may be that there is less emphasis on the use of monitoring domestic violence and is not seen as a child protection concern. The services that are available to children living with domestic violence are base on the presumption that is the womens responsibility to protect the child from experiencing harm, which characteristically involves forcing the partner to leave or leaving the household with her children herself. This also signifies the narrow understanding of domestic violence in a multi-professional manner but also its response to it. Lack of early intervention and strategies in place to see children who may be at a risk of harm may also lead to increased social exclusion and increased financial strain on the state (REF).By addressing such themes in the writings look backward I will aim to demonstrate how the relationship between domestic violence and abuse is such that, where one is existing enquiries should consistently be made about the other. This will help to form safer, more sensitive assessments and well placed interventions.In light of research shown it may raises questions as to how furthermost the impact of domestic violence is on children who are exposed to it, what possible interventions exist for such a large social problem.Methodology I will use to address the problemWhilst it has been acknowledged that a fully authoritative review cannot be undertaken due to the time constraints of my MSc course I intend to use a arrogant coming when reviewing literary productions.I will u se a literature review to highlight key themes and issues brought to light by using a systematic approach when conducting and forming my search. I have also recognised that a non-systematic approach can lead to misleading conclusions in research which is not accurately verified. In addition a non-systematic review does not undertake look back of the literature which is needed to form a balanced judgement. Whereas a systematic approach will facilitate my research question/ rationale with a well-focused searching strategy to enhance appraisal and fusion of the literature I will be researching.However, I have realised that whilst a literature review is less time consuming and the least expensive research method. There are advantages and disadvantages to this. The benefit to employing this method is that it will allow me to be rigorous when synthesising relevant data found, and examine the designate found. Though the helplessness is that it will be not me conducting primary research which would be more beneficial to make the social science discipline more evidence based.In conducting a search so far I have already recognised the implications in using the terms domestic abuse, domestic violence and intimate partner violence. I have so far found that some of these terms only take into account reliable aspects such as physical assaults. Therefore I will have-to doe with to use these terms when searching for relevant literature as it is used quite inter-changeably.To help find literature that addresses the research question I will intend to use established search engines and databases such as Google Scholar DISCOVER PsychInfo and CINAHL. These databases will mostly be used to search for primary sources of research conducted. In addition Dawson Era the online university library will also be utilised for secondary sources such as books and other texts.Through this I will aim to discuss possible themes that have impacted childrens development in relation to domestic abuse and the risk factors associated. I will also aim to look at intervention strategies in place that recognise domestic violence as a co-occurring factor to potential child protection and safeguarding aspects of social work practice.To precisely utilise a systematic approach when conducting a literature review it may be important to have an inclusion and exclusion criteria to help in analysing relevant data. For inclusion I will keep a time frame in mind that is in line with present-day(prenominal) policy and research. As it is only as recent as the finis three decades that children and young people have been directly investigated and researched when concerned with the impact of violence to them. Therefore, I have decided to limit data found in the past two decades to address the question.Therefore in light of research found in this area, it has raised key research questions. The question I have decided to focus my review on which is what are the impacts of domestic violence on children and what are the implications of this for social work practice. pass judgment contribution to knowledgeI will aim to further read my findings by utilising theories useful to underpin data found. Theories which I will use will be the Crisis intervention theory, Maslow and his hierarchy of needs, and person-centred theory. These will help to spot further recommendations that could help child care services to better make for the needs of children affected by domestic violence.To keep from going take out topic, I will aim to meet with my dissertation supervisor on a regular basis to uncover and discuss issues in more detail with work presented.