Individual Review on poster presentation 1,500 words Essay

singular Review on poster presentation 1,500 words - Essay ExampleVolkswagen has a long annals in China and plays a vital role in the Chinese automotive industry. In 1985, the society signed a deal with SAIC that was formed by the merger of several local car manufacturers of China. This was a strategic move in history for the Chinese auto industry as hale as Volkswagen. The company, Volkswagen Automotive Company Ltd (SVW) first identified those commercialize segments which can be easily served with the existing ingathering portfolio. Hence, Audi 100 became the Government officials car and Jetta emerged as commonly utilize taxies. Such strategic monopoly of the company assisted it to acquire a secure grocery store share in China. This was the first phase of market penetration for Volkswagen in China and soon the company started developing strategies to further penetrate the market and expand its market share (Ray, 2003).Volkswagen was the first western auto manufacturer that e ntered China. The company was smart enough to be used as taxi and government cars which helped it to gain economies of scales. This strategic move also had a marketing aspect. The cars campaign on the roads of Shanghai acted as companys showroom and thus more than and more people came to know about the brand portfolio of Volkswagen. With time, the taxi fleet in Shanghai underwent an up gradation and each time a new model from Volkswagens brand portfolio has replaced the old one. Eventually, the company entered give voice venture with local companies to develop a stable and reliable supply chain in the market. However, with change magnitude market competition from the local as well as international players in the auto industry, market share of Volkswagen started declining in early 2000s and the company went into crisis (EBF, 2007, p.47). With its innovation and creative thinking, the company introduced changes in its products as well as business strategy and reoccupied its lost image and established itself as one of the most usual cars.With time the Chinese auto sector has

Analysis paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis paper 2 - Essay ExampleThe key focus areas are in the textile and clothing industries, in the diversion field, in factory farms, and in scientific laboratories. Among the causes that it is active in include abuse of domesticated animals, abrasiveness in the annihilation of animals that are deemed as pests but serve a useful role in various ecologies, and other related animal issues. Its means of advocacy include campaigns of protest, legislative lobbying, investigations of cruel acts against animals, grooming of the general public, the rescue operations involving animals in distress, the invitation of celebrities to take part in campaigns, the holding of events that are of extra significance to the movement, and research initiatives (PETA).The literature defines various language-based tactics and strategies in common use by affable movements around the world, and the objective of this paper is to identify PETAs tactics and strategies and classify them according to the c ategories presented in the text, by way of undertaking an analysis of the use of those tactics and strategies as they relate to PETAs campaigns and advocacies. To wit, the different strategies and techniques of sentiment presented in the text are acts that are symbolic and not verbal the use of new technological plat grades such as the Internet and social media obscenity labeling ridicule the use of music the use of slogans acknowledgment polarization and the employ of the power language or rhetoric. Through PETAs long history, it is reasonable to take in that the movement must have employed all of the tactics and strategies listed above in some form or other in its campaigns and programs. The goal is to be able to look at the more authentic literature to identify exactly what tactics and strategies are relevant to PETAs campaigns (Stewart, Smith and Denton 167-168 PETA Tolhurst Saul Burns).In a most recent protest, PETA was reported to have laid

The world history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The world history - Essay ExampleHuman rights are rights inherent to all community whatever the nationality, race, ethnic origins, national, colour, religion or any other status. The horrors that followed World War II reaffirmed the demands of earlyish twentieth-century internationalists to establish a Universal Bill of Human Rights. It would require every nation to recognize the fit right of every individual on its territory of life, liberty and property, religious freedom and the use of his vocabulary (Davies 110). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has been integral in anticipating future needs and problems of the coming generations on matters concerning forgiving rights and self-determination. This paper tries to analyse the significance of the declaration in anticipating of these needs, as well as its failures in the same.The geological period following the Second World War II (more than half a century ago) has seen an improvement in the protection of universal of H uman Rights finished the success is still being bogged down by several(prenominal) factors. The universal Of Declaration of Human document contains a total of thirty articles each characterising the individual human beings rights and freedoms. The declaration was a precursor to other binding human rights conventions and agreements. The Convention on the Elimination of all in all Types of Racial Discrimination and the ICESR are examples. The declaration has served as a preventative tool in dissimilar ways. The declaration articulates the philosophy that human rights education empowers individuals to contribute to the prevention of human rights abuses through the building of a culture of human rights. Article 4 of the declaration acknowledges the preventative power of Human rights education through combating of discrimination, racism, harmful attitudes and practices as well as hatred (Elkins, Tom and James 50). This article pre-empted the various atrocities that were to

Knowledge and asset management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Knowledge and asset centering - Essay ExampleFinally, the report gives how the report can be of help to new(prenominal) companies. (Han 2003)Change is infallible in any organization. How an organization treats its stake holders, will define its success or failure in implementing any change. An organization needs to define who a stakeholder is and influence the stakeholder has in order to handle them and to eat their support in the implementation process. It is worth to note that no stakeholder should be ignored. This is a case shoot of septet Seas Technology (Drucker 1974).Seven Seas Technology is an international high society dealing with ICT. The company operates globally with or so interest in Africa market as the market for applied science is high. The company deals with technology solutions for large companies and regime agencies. In the recent past, the company has won in tenders with multinationals and governments in Africa. Currently the company is in a contract wit h the Zambian government to install a sea cable in the country. The company was similarly in a multi billion contract with the Nigerian government where it was involved in networking government ministries and other government agencies. The company also secured a contract with Vodafone where it developed a system to provide computer science services to its customers in the entire world. So what is the real secret behind this accomplishment story?Seven Seas were previously referred to as Dataset Technology where it had a narrow scope of business. The company only focused on East African market. The company wanted to have a wider scope to tap the adaptation of technology in the whole of Africa. The companys top management then thought it was good to rebrand the company and increase their capital in order for the company to operate in whole of Africa. Seven seas had to trace its stakeholders and develop new ways to make sure they

Introduction to Quality Assurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Introduction to Quality Assurance - turn out ExampleIt is also responsible for coordinating and monitoring access to care, developing programs, and evaluating the quality of healthcare serve in accordance with guidelines from the Department of Defense, Lead Agent, Regional 12, and Health Affairs.Specialist Referrals The Primary Care medico (PCP) may request a consultation from a participating specialist physician at all time.The PCP determines the number of visits authorized.Specialists may include Gynecologist, Radiation Oncologists, Ophthalmologists, Pediatric Ophthalmologists, Retinologists and in allergists etc.Emergency Room service An emergency health check condition is defined as a condition that manifests itself by acute symptoms of capable severity (including severe pain) that a prudent layperson with an average knowledge of health and medicine could reasonably expect the absence of immediate medical attention to result in any of the followingOut-of-Plan Referrals A ll out-of-Plan referrals require Plan prior authorization at Guam. These requests are reviewed on an individual basis. Determinations are make based on the patients medical needs and the availability of services to meet these needs within the provider. 3rd Care Services All referrals to plan tertiary care centers are reviewed on an individual basis.The members medical needs and the availability of requested services within the non-tertiary care network are taken into consideration. turn out Planning Patients who require continuing care after release from the hospital are identified and the entrance services are arranged through participating home care, medical equipment and other providers.The facilitys Utilization Management course of instruction may need continued review on a periodical basis in order to keep it on par with the model Utilization Management Program as described by the HealthCare Advisory Council. In keeping with these lines, the program is

Health and Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6500 words

Health and Science - Essay typesetters caseof defense mechanism the soulfulness tries to repress any such undesirable feeling or legal opinion or memory which causes any kind of mental turmoil to the person or which he wished non to have occurred ever. In this spotlight the person just wants to cut that portion of life away or just forget the situation. Hysterical amnesia is an example of this mechanism where a person performs or observes authorized disturbing incident and then just forgets the incident and its surroundings. Repression is used in negative way when the person indulges in any harmful act and then forgets it. For example the person hurts or kills others at a certain carry of mind or when finds others at a certain situation and then as soon as s/he is taken away from the situation or that particular state of mind s/he completely forgets the incident.Reaction formation is the kind of defense mechanism link to the fixation in consciousness of an idea or desire whic h is opposite to any unconscious fear. In this situation the person experiencing any conflict becomes obsessive with the situation either in positive or in negative manner. The person unconsciously tries to prove that s/he has completely accepted the situation which is opposite to her/his desire and in doing so s/he becomes over protective or solicitous to the situation. This may be expression of her/his internal guilt of not accepting the condition, e.g. an overprotective mother for her undesired peasant. The negative reaction can be seen when this obsession affects the life of the child or others in a dangerous manner. Here the mother interferes too much in the life of the child and even hurts the child or anybody else who is trying to behave opposite to her obsession or notion. When a mother hurts the boyfriend of a girl child in order to keep him away from her daughter, it can serve as a negative reaction.Denial is the situation when a person consciously refuses to accept any painful incident. In this case the person tries to escape any

Analysis of the movie Seven Years in Tibet Essay

Analysis of the movie Seven Years in Tibet - Essay ExampleWe see a cold, harsh man at the beginning of the film a man who doesnt want the son he and his wife are expecting and goes off to conquer a mountain in the Himalayas turned into a human being, fewone we can respect and trust, even as the Dalai Lama shows him respect and trust, considering him to be not only worthy of looking up to in some ways, but also to be a friend. The transformation comes about through a series events, the closely important of which is the contact with the people and culture of Lhasa, where Heinrich and his friend bastard -after having endured hardships like being in a P.O.W. camp, traveling on foot for hundreds of miles in severe weather conditions, injuries and frostbite- are accepted into the home of a high government official. The draw of the Tibetan culture and the Holy City is so strong that Heinrich and Peter decide to stay there, and Peter even ends up marrying the town seamstress or tailor, as she so unequivocally points out, after both men compete for her affections and Peter ends up winning. They come to refer to the city as Paradise, and indeed after the invasion of the Chinese under the command of Mao Tse Tung, one has a definite feeling of Paradise lost.The remoteness and mystery of the city are a key reference of the movie, and appear to be part of the directors intention of showing Tibet as an almost uncanny place with a moral fiber that most people can only hope to take aim to, a place of true holiness, and not just a rigidity based on routines and rituals with no real substance to it.

Analysis of Ha Jin's Waiting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Ha Jins Waiting - bear witness ExampleHis fables were meant to highlight the semipolitical and social upheavals in the society, which he did by establishing metaphors and characters that demonstrated each and either facet of the society. His works has g star on to achieve high accolades and critical acclaim, as he has not only woven compelling storylines but he is also known to write about tabooed casings such as the Korean War and the damage that was inflicted on to his country because of communism. Despite the fact that Ha Jin has prospicient left his homeland for a more stable emotional state in the United, he incorporates a major element of Chinese culture in his work from characters to the phrases that he uses in his stories, he injects a deed of his homeland in all his stories. The aforementioned elements will be evaluated by assessing them in the light of his novel Waiting. Ha Jin is also known to translate many Chinese proverbs into English for instance, there is one instance in the book where he translated a famous proverb in the following nomenclature With money you can hire the devil to grind grain and cook dinner for you (1999, p. 172). ... cept, Ha Jins novel Waiting tells the story of a man, named Lin Kong, who works as a doctor in a government Medical forwardness in a fictional city in China called Muji City. He defers to his parents wish of spliceing an ordinary peasant woman named Shuyu but the main conflict in high life arises when he is o tried hard to extricate himself out of a loveless marriage to marry his colleague for years he waits. When he finally get to marry the woman he cerebration he love, he is struck with the realization that he doesnt love her either and as a result springs back in to the same state that he had been in years. The novel Waiting encompasses intensely dark themes which are further emboldened by the fact that his ally is unable to feel in truth feel strong emotions like love or passion. Thi s aspect reflects the suppression of the Chinese people in order to help them achieve their communist ideals. Ha Jin further emphasizes the establishment of patriarchy under the communist regime that further widened the divide between males and females in the society. Marriage was seen more as a necessary than a union of love that further stunted the societys emotional growth. His novel postponement sheds great light on to the dynamics of the relationship that drastically changed as a result of the political ideology that it ingrained a sense of ambivalence amongst the people regarding love and passion. In Waiting, the protagonists affections are quickly transferred to a young and intelligent nurse at his medical facility from a wife, who he married only to fulfill his parents wishes. He is mostly external from his wife to serve in a government medical facility and often becomes the prime subject of censure for platonic relationship with his nurse which is not only

E-journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

E-journal - Essay ExampleI learnt that the instruction also should create safe and eye catching environment as this will digest for positive attitudes from children and result in productive learning. Well-planned and interactive lessons result in more student mesh topology therefore engagement in a quality music programs helps students develops both fine and gross move skills (Russell-Bowie, 2012, p.46). Thus, the range of antithetic activities and using a variety of resources will allow children to stay engaged and develop. I also learned that the way the instructor communicates with students is very important due to the fact that if a teacher communicates in an effective way and provides clear instructions the lesson will be able to run smoothly. Therefore, the bring up was very useful for me as it allowed me to pile up management ideas, which I can implement in my classroom. by means of with(predicate) the tutorial that was prepared, I learnt much about the music. During t he music tutorial we worked in a group and chose instruments to work sound in a story or poem. It allowed me to understand the different moods instruments can create. Our group had the poem Will we ever see? by Georgia Heard and I was able to learn the different sounds music can make and the mood they create. I find this activity to be very arouse in the classroom as it allows the children to understand the sound of different instruments, working as a group. Therefore, the tutorial demonstrated to the class the different sound effects from instruments. Application of the euphony sticks made it clear how to show up the rhythm cards as we were taping the sticks to the beat and this allowed our group to understand how to play eight rhythm beats. This will be a great idea to implement in the classroom as through the rhythm children can understand meaning of duration. Working in big groups and small groups allowed us to gain a deeper understanding on how to engage a whole class using instruments, flash

Gold has long been a popular investment choice in emerging and Essay

Gold has long been a popular investment choice in uphill and developed economies. While portfolios become more diversified, allocations to halcyon remain signifi scum bagt - Essay ExampleIt willing also consider its place in credit driven economies, and its significance in compensating flaws of the banking system. Using survey, eldest hand observation and expert research this paper will show that gold retains its popularity as an investment tool, which compares favorably with bank savings products.As a credit controller at the National commercial Bank of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, I observed many misinformed invertors putting money in malapropos investment products. These observations prompted my consideration of allocation to commodities such as gold.In order to diversify my portfolio I invested in gold at 1286 USD/Oz on April 28, 2014, and I have observed a 26 dollar per apothecaries ounce increase in price following news of the escalation of the Ukraine crisis, the US job report, the devaluation of the Yuan and an increase in gold imports from China. However on June 2, 2014 gold dropped to around 1234USD per ounce after a sever block fund selling. Gold was sold, to cover losses on bonds as result of the rising yields. Simultaneously commonwealth were selling gold to buy stocks as good economic data boosted the US stock market. By June 10, 2014 the price of gold rose again to around 1260 USD/Oz, following a decrease in the US stock market. From this we can clearly see that gold prices are influenced by contrasting economic and political forces. From the behaviors of investors under negative world economic events, it is very clear that gold has an effective hedge against these assets and, therefore, it can provide diversification benefits to investors. As investors start questioning equity under these negative economic events gold will still remain a popular option.The survey was conducted to further investigate the different attitudes to investments in gold, type of preferred investments, expectations of the market, and allocation to investments. In the survey, the main target was on professional and retail investors.The

American History Women's Rights Reform Movements from 1877 to 2013 Research Paper

American History Womens Rights Reform Movements from 1877 to 2013 - Research Paper ExampleThe news report therefore seeks to find a stand on whether Women Reform Movements develop realized much of their goals oer the years. This struggle in pursuit of covers has been turbulent over the years and still continues to date. In the United States, women rights movements have had a long history. As a result of their struggles, various legislative measures have been created over the years to safeguard the rights of women and prevent much of the discriminations seen in a society that is still skeptical about the king of women. The core of the argument is therefore the determination of how the period spanning between 1877 to present could have seen tremendous positively charged steps towards the realization of equality with respect to men and women1. The suffrage movements were some of the most dominant women movements in history. For many years in the United States, women were not allow ed to vote. In the early years of the women reform movements, the right to vote was therefore one of the central issues which the movements fought for. In 1878, Susan B. Anthony proposed and submitted a right-to-vote amendment to the constitution in order to apply women the right to vote in America. The era of women suffrage took much activity in the 1890s and Wyoming was the setoff state to have an organized women suffrage. The movement was mostly driven by the formation of the National American Womens Suffrage association in 1890. ... The Anthony amendment which had been written earlier in 1878 was subsequently ratified as the 19th amendment and thereby became law in 19202. It must be emphasized that differences in leadership and new(prenominal) misunderstandings amongst the women led to the formation of several groups. The period following 1920 saw the creation of many splitter women semipolitical groups most of which fought for the same rights. The League of Women Voters was created in 1920 and became a very strong voice in championing for the rights of women. In order to address the rights of black women who experienced the worst discrimination than their white counterparts, the National Council of Negro Women was create in 1935. These groups strongly fought for various forms of liberal reforms in the country. However, it should be remembered that many of the rights they fought for were not always tending(p) easily. For instance, the National Womens Party which was formed in 1913 proposed an equal rights amendment in 1923 which actually stayed dormant for the neighboring 50 years3. In the early years of the women rights movement, most of the women activists were concentrated in the North. This was due to the much awareness, attention and education in the North. It was not until 1890s that women began to organize in the south after much excitement and influence from what was transpiring in the north. In pushing for the right to vote, the National Women Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) were working together but later separated on ideological grounds. While NWSA sought to transform the status of women on the basis of ideological foundations in the hitherto olden society, AWSA was more conservative and

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Analysis - Case Study Example indeed emerge markets lack or attain got underdeveloped fragile infrastructure which firms in developed countries take for granted.These two challenges are important because multinational firms need to have prior and basic knowledge about the emerging markets they intend to venture in. Thus lack of this vital information will lead to them sticking to the strategies which they have always deployed, which emphasize on standardized approaches to new markets while sometimes experimenting with a few local twists, thus making umteen multinational corporations struggle to develop successful strategies in emerging markets. It is also important to have soft infrastructure for informing the multinationals reliably about customer preferences so that they ordure design products to particular involve and thus increase peoples willingness to pay. Soft infrastructure is also crucial in the carrying into action of business models that the multinational firms hav e.The situation in emerging markets is not all doom and gloom and in that respect seems to be some light at the end of the tunnel. There are several strengths and opportunities that multinational firms can capitalize on, in emerging markets. Multinational corporations should also be cautious of the weaknesses and threats that are associated with these markets. The following is a discussion of the above four major points that multinational corporation thinking of doing business in the emerging regions should critically analyse.Openness-Multinational corporations can leverage a lot if they exploit economies that are open and those that especially pleasing direct unconnected investments, even though companies can get into countries that do not allow foreign direct investment by entering into joint ventures and partnerships and licensing with local players. For instance executives do believe that chinaware is an open economy because the government welcomes foreign investment but tha t India is a relatively

Review the literature related to the effect of surgical repair in Essay

Review the literature related to the effect of working(a) overcompensate in wound healing.Discuss the influence it may have on healing - Essay ExampleReports are vague on how the prehistoric man treated wounds, but in the primitive tribes, wounds are cover with plant parts and other materials believed to have healing properties. Wounds were also filled with spider web in time past. Various crude methods of wound draining and wound closing are also report among some tribes. An ingenious wound clamp was devised out of the jaws of insects by primitive tribes of India and South America who make the insects bite across the apposed edges of a wound.(Haeger, 1988) .Wound management has two main approaches the surgical and non-surgical categories of intervention. In the non-surgical approach, serious music methods such as administration of topical or systemic therapeutic agents, locally applied enzymes, and dressings designed to optimize the wound for later surgery, or to heal the wound b y secondary intention (Knox et al., 2007). The surgical approach involves the implementation of preparatory surgical procedures which help to prepare the wound for accelerated recovery and adjoin the body healing process. Both of these approaches are different, yet aim at the same goal. This review is have-to doe with with the surgical aspects and how they provide a facilitating environment for timely wound healing.For effective wound healing in modern day surgery, the aims are to ensure officious regeneration of damaged tissue, reduce infection, and maximize tolerant response, and central to achieving these aims are blood perfusion, oxygen supply, pr regulartion of re-injury and good diet(Hunt and Hopf, June 1997a). Reduction of infection and quick tissue regeneration are directly related to wound blood perfusion and oxygenation. Perfusion therefore appears to be the near important factor in wound healing. Wounds in well perfused areas of the body tend to heal faster, even whe n they are massively infected. They also form less scar. The same goes for wounds that occur in areas of

Motivators For Tourist Trips To Different Destinations Essay

Motivators For Tourist Trips To Different Destinations - Essay manakinBoth outward and inbound tourism have had a stable growth in tourists. The event and state of weather condition and climate are a major influence of tourist destinations. The state of the air affect in a given place at a particular time describes weather man climate is the usual condition of the atmosphere determined after a long period of surveillance(Avraham&Ketter, 2008).The travel and tourism industry has been a major contributor to the economy for a long period. Both outbound and inbound tourism have had a stable growth in tourists. The type and state of weather and climate are a major influence of tourist destinations. The state of the atmosphere in a given place at a particular time describes weather while climate is the prevailing condition of the atmosphere determined after a long period of surveillance(Avraham&Ketter, 2008).Climate is one of the elements of geography that imprint geographical spa ce, contributing to the environmental conditions that encourage or hinder tourism. People seek to settle in areas that offer the highest comfort and chances of existence in terms of climate. Following this fact, the climate is considered to delimit optimal zones for tourism both at a regional and global scale. For instance, the warm temperate zones are considered optimal for marge and sun tourism.Where tourism uses geographical space, it is because there is specific components which depending on how they are appreciated socially, can be exploited and subsequently assimilated into tourism as a good or service.

Soil mechanics Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Soil mechanics - Lab Report good examplen- stagnant and drained were undertaken on the undisturbed soil samples to determine the shear strength parameters under drained and drained condition for the given soil sample from where the building will be constructed. Basing on the results, it is evident that the baby buggy capacity of the silt soil was much less as comp bed to the cohesion less soil eventual(prenominal) bearing capacity. In this regard, the building codes permit higher bearing pressure for less cohesion soils resembling sand as compared to that of plastic soil (silt).Tri-axial tests are laboratory testing techniques mostly applied to meet shear strength parameters for different types of soil under un-drained and drained condition (Alshibli and Sture 2000). Conventional test entails a cylindrical soil sample which is subjected to radial stresses as well as axial displacement or controlled increases in axial stresses. Usually, the cylindrical soil example is of 200m hei ght and 100 mm diameter. Preparation of specimen is based on the type of soil. For shear ruin, the soil grains usually slide over each another(prenominal) along the failure surface hence there is no crushing of grains. At failure, along the failure surface, the shear stress reaches the shear strength. Basically, soils are known to be frictional materials. The strength is based on the stress applied whereby this stress is controlled by effective stresses and here water pressure is needed (Alshibli and Sture 2000). similarly soil strength is based on drainage whereby different strengths can be measured for a certain soil that can deform at a given constant volume (un-drained) as well as deform without having pore pressure that is excess (drained). Angle of friction () and Cohesion (c) are generally not soil constant parameters. They are based on the soil initial dry land and the loading type (drained or un-drained) (Widulinski et al., 2009).The specimen was enclosed vertically wit h a thin rubber tissue layer then later put between two rigid ends in the pressure

E-bay Essay Example for Free

E-bay Essay through with(predicate) the centuries, technology has changed rafts way of life, playing a main part in developments of the twenty-first century. There has been a change from the old economy to the new digital economy, such as the renewal from manu incidenturing to service, and physical resources to intimacy resources (Human Resources Development, n. d. ). New products and services return changed many aspects of how the earth works. Further, innovative kinds of trades and descentes be be available for muckle to utilize. One example is the availability of products and services through e-commerce.The growth of the meshwork has ca economic consumptiond venturing into e-commerce. Nowadays, the meshwork is not only a means of acquiring information and leisure the Internet has change state a medium for business transactions and profit. E-commerce describes how the Internet has become a global electronic marketplace (Rodman, n. d. ) where nation can sell and p urchase items and have them shipped to their locality. There be countless of online shops selling different kinds of products to populate who surf the Net. Perhaps, one of the most popular and successful ventures op eonting under this system is E-bay.E-Bay is one of the worlds largest online shopping portals (James, 2006), having generated incomes excess of 10 billion USD last year. The company was established during the dot com era with a unique business model of bringing shops to the homes. Based in the United States, it markets its products globally establish on the command system and couriers the items to the customers (Hamel, n. d. ). E-bay is one of the companies that led the way for enabling websites to be transformed into business ventures (Epstein, 2004). Advertisements helped in the promotion and eventual purchase of the products of sellers.The customer has an advantage, as the price of the goods is dependent on the bidding (highest) amount and the excess of shipping co sts to be borne (Hamel, n. d. ). The introduction of an online market has brought both advantages and disadvantages in businesses worldwide. These succeeding(a) paragraphs will elaborate on these said pros and cons. Technological innovations were developed and intended to bring a level of convenience, to make peoples lives easier. In this manner, trends that include online companies like E-bay, brought ab come out of the closet by technology, share in this cause.The main advantage of E-bay and e-commerce is convenience. In particular, online companies such as E-bay have saved customers the hassle of going out of their homes to be able to purchase items of use. Because E-bay is botherible through the website, the website has become the endpoint of all the aspects of business. Buyers and sellers can get effectively through the website, as electronic communication is one of the fastest forms of communication. According to Rodman (n. d. ), the Internet is sample for encouraging cust omer communications. This helps in knowing more information and feedback from the customer.According to Huba McConnell (2003), E-bay is very fervent on this aspect, even creating a Voice of the Customer program. Further, all advertisements and promotions concerning the products can be placed and easily updated in the same website. Sellers, and especially buyers, are able to access it in any time of day careless(predicate) of the location of the person so on that point is no worry about distance and time differences (Rodman, n. d. ). completely of these contribute to effective and convenient dealings.E-commerce, which includes E-bay, creates opportunities for many people with talents and skills all everywhere the world (Human Resources Development, n. d. ). Anyone who has something to sell, as farsighted as it condones to the terms that E-bay has created, upon the presence of an interested buyer, can profit from selling his or her item over the Internet. Despite the convenience that E-bay brings, there are also drawbacks that come with the system. Because online markets rely on the Internet, certain weaknesses of the Internet and e-commerce in general, also affect companies such as E-bay.The main reasons for disappointments in systems of E-bay include power failure, data corruption, disk failure and network failure (Hamel, n. d. ). These can threaten sales as E-bay has experienced in the past (Huba McConnell, 2003). There can also be problems with cost. Equipment, as well as the service and technology consumed to maintain the equipment can be costly. Convenience also has a price as there are certain extra hidden costs, (such as shipping, other taxes) that when applicable, must be arranged and paid. The fact that e-commerce has a tendency to be impersonal also has its effects.Although anyone can sell anything on E-bay, there are certain people who sell things that do not abide by E-bay terms. Moreover, buyers could not easily chequer if the items that they are selling are of good condition. These impersonal implications can socially have an impact because people would be more inclined to stay at home instead of interacting with others (About e-commerce, n. d. ). If more and more people will resort to online shopping, actual shops may lose returning customers and their business may be affected. gross revenue personnel may lose their jobs and businesses may close.Other factors such as challenges in areas of online security and appellative that can lead to fraud can contribute to its limitations as well. Because the Internet does not necessarily require face-to-face transactions, many sellers with harmful intentions can take advantage of the certain level of anonymity they have and manipulate the system or mislead and trick customers. Online identification for financial transactions also poses a threat. Computer security is an issue that has been dealt with in e-business such as e-Bay.To avoid any problems, electronic computer kno wledge for understanding hardware and cyber security is of utmost importance for individuals (Hamel, n. d. ). Crimes involving illegal system access and use of computer services are also a concern. Hackers make use of their computer knowledge to throw access to others computers to get valuable information such as access to credit card accounts. Sometimes, files, passwords, programs, or bear upon power are stolen. An intruder may alter the data or destroy the data qualification it unusable and useless. A hacker writes a small password snifter that that can steal passwords and gain access to data and files (Hamel, n. . ).Despite these drawbacks, there are systems that E-bay has implemented in order to safe observe its business and the interests of its customers. Activity of employees can be recorded and this data can be used to superintend employees, such as in estimating the number of breaks an employee takes and the time they use to concentrate on work. There are Antisniff Prog rams used by E-Bay to detect and block a password snifter and protect the identity so that hackers are prevented and neat trading of goods and bids takes place (Hamel, n. d. ) E-bay also acts on the prevention of unauthorized use as well.E-bay makes use of data and information for this. Moreover, the use of biometric is of strategic importance in e-Bay. The fingerprint identification has been panoptic to identify authorized users. Iris and retina scans which use to be part of science fiction movies has now become part of sophisticated identification methods. The latest is use of magnetic card that is checked by a magnetic card reader to allow entry. To address the problems due to natural disasters or technology failure that can cause the hardware to be unusable, E-Bay provides a hot site that has an operational ready to use system.This is an expensive option, as the system is kept up to date, usually in different seismic zone. A cold site provides the infrastructure but not the pro cessing power and data. In case of a problem, the backup system is made operational (Hamel, n. d. ). E-bay has opened many doors and lifted barriers for buyers and sellers worldwide. E-bay is constantly catering to the postulate of their buyers and sellers and with the continual rise of technology and the Internet, more and more people will avail of their service.

The Media (Books, Film, Music, Television, for Example Essay Example for Free

The Media (Books, Film, Music, Television, for congresswoman EssayIf to create nurse means to create tot every(prenominal)y new value that never reconstruct up in its current society, media is impossible to create value. Media is always derived from our society, so it always studys and display the value already exist in our society. But, some heavy works will not Just simply strike value, but extract values from our society, strengthen it and then scum bag affect the value of our society, which will make batch consider this works create value.One innate reason that make media always shine the value of current society is, their authors numerate from the current society, who are already deeply affected by the alue around them. One example is what flock like and feel in different durations reflect in the music. 100 years ago, when much stack live in the countries, life is more peaceful, and people more like quiet and simple life, country music are popular. At time th at, the spoken language of the country music reflect the peaceful and simple life people enjoy.But nowadays, in our unexampled life, more and more people live in modern city, crowded, noisy and stressful, which make people more easily feel angry and yearn for release. So todays pop music, reflecting our modern life, are more high-power and quick, and most of them more noisy. Some lyric of the pop music will describe a people crying for his/her dissatisfaction and pressure from the society. Another good example that media reflect value of society is how people in different areas treat sex that affects their media.In some religious countries, people consider sex as a taboo. People tend to not talk about it in public. So it is not thriving to see authors describe sex explicitly in their works, no mention that public media will force this topic. But in western countries, sex for their people, is Just a common and regular need in their value, so it is common to see that the medias c ome from estern countries will even describe sex. Simply to say, books, music and all kinds of different works and value always reflect the value of the current society in their time and area.If value totally never exist in the society, new value in media cannot be created or spread there. Although all works reflect the value of the current society, the profound works would extract and cotton up the value, and apply it to affect the society where it comes from. For example, in renaissance times, lots of philosophers, thinkers and sociologists created works to diffuse their value, like people are all equal, people have the right ince their birth.This value has long and deep effect on the public people that incited people to stand up and resist the privileged class. But these great philosophers, thinkers and sociologists can put this value into their works and spread it because this value nas already existed in the society But this value is not so strong and well-known, what this wo rks do is to strengthen and deepen it into the society. In sum, all media come from society so reflect the value where they are derived. But in some degree, some profound works can strengthen the value and affect the society.

Reform Movements in the United States Sought Essay Example for Free

refine Movements in the United States Sought EssayAs Americans entered an era of transition and instability, they sought to expand elective ideals in the society. In response to sudden changes occurring and traditional set existence ch tout ensembleenged, various reform movements during 1825-1850 began to taper on res publicaan ideals. The rise of apparitional revivals, movements for equal rights and protecting liberties of different br separately groups, want to locomote society technologically, and desire to bring order and control helped reform the society to live up to the lands founding ideals. Teaching them (I dont get who them is) the habits of thrift, orderliness, temperance and industry was a instruction to non only relegate their lives but a way to instill certain pop values and advance the perfection of society as a whole. The rise of popular religion and a series of religious revivals reinforced American democracy and liberty. The Second Great aro uti lize was a huge religious reform movement that sought to re-captivate religious interest in America.One of its reinvigorated breakthroughs is its representation of democratic ideas, or a reworking of traditional religious institutions to better match the aver suppurate Americans sensibilities and verge disembodied spiritstyles (Second Great Awakening). In this attempt to capture interest, this new theology differed from the previous Calvinist viewpoint that piles predestined path to heaven or hell could only be altered by Gods choosing, in that the new theology emphasized individual free allow for, and equality in Gods eyes- a characteristic of democracy.These new theologies emphasized forgiving choice. Reform of the individual human heart and also broader social institutions was indeed possible (Second Great Awakening). Church ministers were elected and churches believed in a priesthood of all believers. Such religious reforms sought to expand democratic ideals into the churches. The theology of the Second Great Awakening can be divided into numerous different subdivisions which all spread out and became part of many reform movements to come.Before examining such future movements, it must be noted that The Progress of the Age was also a reform movement that spread democratic ideals of around the same duration frame as the Second Great Awakening. The Progress of the Age empowers all the new American technologies and social reforms in its time (around 1825-1846). New technological reforms included adapting the time conserving sewing machine, and harnessing the potential of the locomotive. Religion, politics, the economy, and virtually eitherthing else in America was being shaped by echnological reforms, turning life in American as something Senator Webster describes The world has seen nothing like it forwards (A Discourse, Delivered at Plymouth 61). The significance of all these technological advances lies in the inevitable social advances they initiated. The Progress of the Age think on improving everyday life with the adaption of machine labor, allowing for a large range of agricultural goods for the gross man, increasingly cheaper goods, less expensive books/newspapers, and faster travel.As these technological revolutions led to revolutions in habits, opinions, and moral values, masses began to realize If machinery could be brought to such a state of perfection, why not society (Maier 369)? With all the social ideas related to technological progress, none were associated with the Progression of the Age, as the expansions of democratic ideals were. With the new leaps in technological advances, people built the impression that No reform is now deemed impossible, no enterprise for human betterment unworkable (Maier 369). Of all the social ideas, the democratic ideas of striving for social equality, and benefitting the common good fit the technological age of progress best. Along with technological advancements, Ameri can literature was advancing too. New values such as favoring nature over Americas turn towards industrial capitalism and worst of all, the crass, money-grubbing materialism that seemed to mesmerize more and more of their countrymen (Maier 371), as described in novels of James Fenimore Cooper, and Washington Irving were exposed to their readers.The Transcendentalist movement, founded by Ralph Waldo Emerson was inhabit by his essay Nature, as well as other works such as henry David Thoreaus Nature. The increasing quality and affordability of such books as well as newspapers, with new perspectives and philosophies printed by new machines, allowed the common people access to new knowledge. Society was now exposed to knowledge such as philosophy, current events, and political information which brought up the level of education of the common man.Not only were books do cheaper and more available, an abundance of higher quality goods and services such as better foods, clothes, and a be tter transportation system now became available to the society. As Horace Greenley of the New York Tribune accounts We have universalized all the beautiful and splendid results of industry and skill We have made them a common possession of the people. We have democratized the representation and appliances of a higher life (Art and Industry 58). Greenley is saying that the Progress of the Age has brought high quality goods previously only for aristocrats down to the common people, raising the living standard of the common people a veritable democratic value. Out of all these technological breakthroughs, the railroad became the symbol of the Progress of the Age and the expansion of democratic ideals. Even artists of the Hudson River School such as Thomas Cole recognized the locomotive in their paintings. In River in the Catskills, Thomas Cole blends the locomotive with nature, suggesting a natural harmony between them as Americans genteel the new lands.The locomotive became a sym bol of the drive of civilization, spreading it and Americas democracy to new, spiritual world horizons. These unseen horizons were discovered through the reforms in the Antebellum Era, whose roots were mainly evangelical religion tied into the belief that equality and salvation should be offered to everyone. This brought back tensions between the North and South when knuckle downholding became an electrical outlet with those ideals, which made the acted reforms not just a movement towards equality, but towards democracy as well.One of the around important reform movements in American history was the creation of the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833. The resolve of Sentiments was established and those who wished to join the society had to sign the document which pledged to secure to the colored populationall the rights and privileges that belong to them as men and as Americans. This reform was different than most, because the people involved decided to use the old tactic o f moral suasion instead of violence. These society members campaigned across the U. S. especially aiming to influence the South. They make abolitionist newspapers and other literature to raise awareness, attempted to make antislaveholding societies in every state and every town, and eventually brought so many petitions to Congress that although the Gag Resolution tabled them, the awareness it raised about slavery occurred everywhere. Not only was this the effect of the society, but it also showed Americans that all people could make a divagation if joined together, not just the government, which expanded ideas of democracy.William Lloyd Garrison, among other strong abolitionists, acted as a leader in the fight for all-around equality in the United States. He dedicated his life to slavery abolition, produce the newspaper, The Liberator and writing in it, On this subject, I do not wish to think, to speak, or write, with moderationI am in earnest I will not equivocate I will not e xcuse I will not retreat a single inch and I will be heard. Not only did his words anger people enough to cause the bloody slave revolt in Virginia led by Nat Turner, but it also made abolitionists of others as well.His words elysian Frederick Douglass to publish his newspaper, North Star, at Rochester. They inspired Theodore Dwight Weld to declare an end to slavery and leave the course Seminary and their white society with 75 others by his side, naming themselves the Lane Rebels. He spent the rest of his life being a devoted member of the Ohio Antislavery Society and giving speeches throughout Ohio and Pennsylvania, encouraging the establishment of other antislavery societies. Abolitionists for womens rights like Henry B.Stanton who was also a Lane Rebel, and his wife, Elizabeth Cady Stanton were also strong leaders, as well as the Grimke sisters in taking on the roles normally given to men. These powerful reformers were able to influence the population to join them in reform s, creating the sense that they could all make a difference together, and reform the republic government to a democratic one instead. With the idea of equality comes the idea of democracy, so when reform movements for slavery abolition and womens rights began, so did the widespread belief of a new democratic government.

Old Growth Forest Essay Example for Free

Old Growth Forest riseQuestion a strong opponent of logging centenarian produce timberlands Good morning ladies and gentlemen. I am Leeson, and today I am going to talk about whether we should log the senior proceeds woods. Firstly, what atomic number 18 old ingathering forests? Old harvesting forests ar those where the overstore is in the late mature growth stage with the presence of relatively large old trees, many containing hollows and often with the presence of dieback or at peace(predicate) branches in the crown. They are so historic to the human life, as they are ilk the humor multifariousness mitigation. Also, a lot of animals can only live in old growth forests, just like fish can only live in water. In Victoria, we know old growth forests to be Forests which contain significant amount of its oldest growth stage in the upper stratum. What does this mean? It means these forests are historically, culturally, ecologically significant and valuable. Therefore , we human befool no reason to log any of the old growth forest. Firstly, the old growth forests justify the climate change.Old-growth forests store large amounts of carbon in wood, humus, and peat, they are an important part of carbon sequestration and its impacts on climate change and climate change mitigation. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change said in its 2007 report In the long term, a sustainable forest management strategy aimed at maintaining or increasing forest carbon stocks, while producing an annual sustained yield of timber, fibre or energy from the forest, will generate the largest sustained mitigation benefit. As we know, the climate problem is one of the most serious problems that human are facing to, if we keep logging the old growth forests for human living while we are polluting the environment for human development, we will not have a nice future to be with. So stop logging the old growth forest Secondly, old growth forests are the only home for a lo t of animals. Image if I dumbfound a bulldozer through in your home, how would this make you feel? Where would you go?The ecologically value and meaning of old- growth-forests is they can do something that other forests cannot do they act as the home of various forms of wildlife. Without old growth forests, where would they live? The report from Bureau of Rural Sciences from Australian Government said A number of wildlife species are reliant on these types of forest because of the range of nesting hollows and greater structural complexity they have in comparing with forests in earlier stages of development. Obviously logging the old growth forests indicates killing plenty of wildlife, and it is not benignant at all Thats why we shouldnt log the old growth forests. In conclusion, the old growth forests are acting a important role in nature, not only do they house various forms of wildlife, but they also store more carbon then they emit, so that to mitigate the climate change. Henc e, we should not log the old growth forest, for any human use. Thank you

EC Defense Essay Example for Free

EC Defense EssayIntroduction earthly concern tri thate of element enunciates has long been on the agenda of the EC, which has culminated in the establishment of a European defense lawyers mart to support the Council and the ingredient States in their effort to improve the EUs falsification capabilities in the ara of crisis centering and to further The European Security and defence mechanism Policy.1 The EU also established a programme for countering illegal trafficking of arms.2 However, subject atomic number 18a safety and exoneration has to do with nationalism and state reign. It is doubtful whether a state keep feel itself to be independent without being in control of its own refutal.It has often been the gaffe that standards draw and quarter by the European corporation (EC or the residential district) regarding trade and citizens movement within the territory experience on occasion led to the discomfort of several fellow member States. The treaty of Maastricht states that one of the major tasks of this supranational formation is to establish a common grocery which forces convergence of economic performance3. The Treaty objectives are more often than not realised through trade, and unrestricted procural Directives, competitor and amalgamation Regulations also exist to maintain the uniformity of trade on the European universal Market.Yet it office not be immediately open-and-shut why documents prescribeing trade, tilt, and mergers would become a mechanism that regulates a plains ability to defend itself. 4 However, this has been an object of concern to EC Member States and has sparked a proliferation of legal literature discussing the bound to which this is (or has been) possible.An important break down of national security and defence is to obtain up-to-date arms and early(a) equipment undeni fit for the running of the forces and constabulary forces as intumesce as some other departments responsible for Sta te security. As no realm produces in all the products it needs for its defence, the poise mustiness be spring upd through trade with other countries. The purpose of this divulgek is therefore to explore the effect of the EU trade regulation of competitor and mergers on the defence industries of Member States. It will assess these laws control over the toy withs through which Member States are able to acquire the equipment necessary for national defence.Mergers, Trust, Subsidies, and procurance DirectivesOne of the duties of the European counsel is to stand as guardian of the Treaty that established the EC. Free trade on the common grocery is one of the major provisions of that Treaty, and rival within the EU is threatened in the presence of cartels or whenever mergers occur. These signs of activities are subject to a real rivalry Test, which gives the focal point the right to interfere wherever a merger occurs that is hostile to healthy contender as it regards trade on the European Common Market. All scenarios that follow mergers and that fail the test (including the humanity of oligopolies) are subject to the scrutiny and handling of the European Commission and to possible escalation to the level of the European approach of Justice (ECJ).5Mergers have lots to do with emulation. When companies merge or have an understanding or trustingness they behave more and more like monopolies, oligopolies or cartels. Government subsidies and laws that regulate the secures of nationals from a particular attach to often have the effect of behave like mergers and trusts. However, the authorities might, for defence purposes, see the need to make laws governing the nations spending in a certain(a) market. It might also see the need to exclude other nationals or business from bidding on contracts if much(prenominal) bidding is deemed a threat to the nations security. Legislation by the Commission of the European Union disallows this kind of law-m aking on the part of the Member States. The Merger Regulation 4064/89 applies to these situations, and therefore might exercise a earthshaking amount of control over defence.Public procural is the process by which government bodies acquire equipment and services.6 This represents or so 14% of EU Member States gross domestic product.7 Rules regarding this come from the EU in the form of Directives which are subsequently adopted by Member States. Public sector contracts, services and supplies are published across the EU, facilitating free trade in these areas as well. Breaches of these rules preempt be pointed out by the European Commission, and foundation incur legal action before the European motor lodge of Justice.8The laws of the EC make it clear that competition should in no flair be hindered, in the pursuit of the objective of good value for money9. Mergers and government subsidies are in suits in which this might happen. However, there is evidence that where governments sanction mergers of companies that hired hand with multitude equipment, the effects of Merger Regulation 4064/89 might be escaped. The creation of Eurocopter and its encouragement by the French and German governments try out this.Although the Commission granted that the merger was governed by the Regulation, it conceded that such(prenominal) a venture was compatible with the Single European Market.10 In addition, denomination 21 and court of law fantasys formed as a result of the Aropatiale-Alenia-de Haviland case allow for Member States to take measures necessary to protect interests considered legitimate, and national security is admitted as part of that group. Therefore, though the EU Commission often does have a signifi butt endt amount of control over defence industries, certain privileges are granted to the Member States for proceedss of national security.With soft defence materials the rules spay slightly. In such cases, overthrowions of mergers by the Commission are final. If, however, the Commission chooses to allow such a merger, the Member State is at liberty to prohibit it. It has been found that privilege from the Merger Regulation all hard defence materials might be prudent, as mergers would help with competition against non-European countries such as the United States. As it stands, however, the Commission enjoys full(a) control over soft defence (or dual purpose) goods, and tempered control over hard defence materials.With regard to the Directives governing public procurance of equipment and services, the European Commission demonstrates another way in which it burn down have an impact on Member States defence perseverance. One case finds the Commission applying to the European Court of Justice for a declaration that Belgium had failed to fulfil its directive obligations (with regard to 92/50/EEC), being in breach of the provisions conditions 11(3) and 15(2). Belgium had printd a restricted invitation to tender for the charg e of its coastal regions by means of lively photography, and did this without expressly notifying the European Communities via the Official Journal.11 It is of note that this kind of coastal surveillance cannister have extensive implications for national defence.However, the Commission faulted the Member State for neglecting to perform the necessary publishing measures before executing actions toward procurement of the contracts. The ECJ found it necessary to determine whether the action of the Belgian government was even governed by the Directive in question, considering that much of the contract regarded aerial photography and the Directive mainly deals with architectural, engineering, and landscaping services.The Courts opinion was that it saw no movement to call into question the Belgian Governments assessment that aerial photography accounts for the predominant value of the contract. Accordingly, the contract falls under Annex I B, with the result that the tendering proced ure under company law, under Titles III to VI of Directive 92/50, does not have to be followed.12 Here the Member state was granted autonomy in that sphere of defence. However, had the contracts involved a slightly different type of service, the Commission might have been awarded the case.Trade truths and DefenceCertain of the EC Articles, namely 30 (ex 36), 39(3) (ex 48), 58(1) (b) (ex 73d), (81)(1), 226, 296 (ex 223), and 297 (ex 224) deal explicitly with issues of trade and competition that concur with those of national security, and offer ways in which the Member States can attend to their national interest where they might conflict with the scathe of the Treaty.However, some of the articles are doubtfully intelligenceed such that they allow for sometimes opposing interpretations. These articles lead to uncertainty with regard to the provisions of Treaty as well as to how the European Court of Justice would rule in certain situations. Therefore, it is unclear exactly how Me mber-State sovereignty is affected by the Treaty, since certain controversies have arisen because to some extent the Treaty has touched the industries that deal in the trade of materials necessary for national defence.Articles 28 and 29 of the EC Treaty agreement ban restraints on the quantities of goods that can be imported or exported by the Member States. However, article 30 states that such restriction shall not preclude prohibitions or restrictions on imports, exports, or goods in transit justified on pace of public security. This grants Member States the ability to derogate from the regular stipulations of the treaty should the goods in question pose a threat to public security.Clearly in this case, although the treaty is apt to regulate areas of the defence industry, the articles make way for the countries to be free from its influence in that regard. In fact, in June of 2003, the European Union adopted a Common Position requiring that Member States enact ad hoc legislatio n to regulate the activities of arms brokers.13 However, the use of the word require indicates that the exponent to act in that way was conferred upon the state by an organisation in whose self-will the power had rested before. It also implies that to some degree power still rests in the hold of that body.A closer look at EC Article 30 supports this idea. It reads such prohibitions or restrictions shall not, however, constitute a means of arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade betwixt Member States. This implies that any(prenominal) Member State that wishes to enact laws affecting the defence industry for the purpose of defend their interests must do so for specific and justifiable reasons. Indeed, the use of the term ad hoc in the 2003 EU position on arms brokering indicates that the control that Member States are granted over their defence market laws is not a general one, but one that materialises only when under extenuating circumstances.The Irish c ase involving Campus Oil is an interesting example. The Irish requirement that 35% of all oil and petroleum products be procured from the national refinery constituted a case of according an unnatural advantage to a supplier on the Common Market. This was done to protect the Irish economy and to scaffold the company, but might be considered a matter of defence since such forces equipment as tankers would require fuel from this national refinery in the event of a national emergency. It was therefore crucial for the refinery to stay in business. The Court saw this necessity, and allowed the national requirement to bear on in place.14What this case demonstrates is that the European federation law regimes on trade, competition, mergers and the like do have the power to regulate the laws that regard the defence industry. Though the EC laws cited do not relate specifically to defence, the surveillance of a coastline or the protection of a States leading energy company can have immense implications for national security. These laws were enacted to combat that effect, and the EC law was able to call that Member State law into question. It, however, did ultimately grant leave to the Member States because of the delicate reputation of the situation.Competition and DefenceThe EC Treaty article that concerns the distortion of competition exists to prevent scenarios in which monopolies could arise in the marketing of certain troops goods and/or to certain areas. Articles 85 and 86 regulate situations to ensure that a firm or other venture which has a comparative advantage in the market does not in any way use that advantage to disrupt competition. As far as the Articles allow derogation from this rule, it is not clear whether private companies are able to claim that the provisions of the Articles apply to their situations. However, for derogation to be possible, such benefits as economic progress for both companies and consumers must be proven, and neither indispensa ble restrictions nor the elimination of competition for the products involved should result from the mergers.One aspect of the GEC-Siemens v. Plessey case concerned whether a company licensed to hand out arms has a right to award sub-licences. The Commissions opinion on the subject was that only Member States are allowed to invoke article 296b15. Therefore, as far as private undertakings concerning military products are involved in the market, competition and free trade are to be assumed to govern military defence equipment.16With regard to resolving whether dual-use goods fall under the jurisdiction of the Treaty, there exists a disputation pinched up by the European Community in 1958.17 Yet though it has not been officially published, it is like a shot in the public domain. On it is contained traditional types of military equipment, such as tankers and other types of typically defence-oriented products. If this mention were considered as containing all the items that are to b e excluded from the jurisdiction of the Commission, then it would be clearer how far the EU laws govern the defence industries of Member States. Because goods that can be used both civilly and militarily are not present on the list, it would become clear that dual-use goods should fall solely under the jurisdiction of the Treaty.Though the list has been considered outdated by many, upon close consideration it can be found that many of the newer military equipment can be covered by the broad terms used in the list18. If, therefore, the list is to be considered exhaustive, it leads to the coda that dual-use goods are not covered by Article 296 and are therefore under the jurisdiction of the Commission. In such cases where dual-use goods are being traded for military purposes, then, the Commission would have some amount of control over the defence industry of the Member State in question.Recently the European Commission has sent forward a communicating19 on the issue of the interrela tedness of civil, market and defence policies. The purpose of the Communication document is to promote and enhance more efficient spending on defence, to maintain competition in the defence industry, as well as to uphold fairness and ethics in the trade of defence materials. Long has the issue of European defence hung in limbo because of the problematic nature of defence collaboration among Member States. Such situations usually have resulted in encroachment upon the sovereignty of each state. The aims of the Communication are set to be effected through the monitoring of industries related to defence. This activity by the Commission is supported by EC Treaty Art. 296.Through this measure, the EC proposes to regulate licensing, delivery, certification, and other things which have caused arms-trade problems at the borders within the European Community. beyond this, the EC recognises the importance of competition to the creation of defence sector that does not harm the common marketa d efence market that is as similar as possible to the market that exists for non-military goods. Article 296 has been thought of as a prime obstacle to the European defence market integrating, though the European sevens believes that this article does allow for integration if the Member States cooperate.20This article gives states the right to take such measures as it considers necessary to protect its own security interests as far as these concern the procurement of arms and other military equipment. It further stipulates that any action implemented ought not to impair the functioning of the market as far as it concerns goods that are not explicitly military related.It is here that much confusion enters concerning the extent to which the European Community laws govern the defence industry, as demonstrated in the cases of Werner and Leifer.21 Arrowsmith notes that the importance of the Treaty is more often than not manifest in actions that lie below the thresholds of the Member sta te legislation.22 These states are, according to EC 296, clearly in charge of the trade of expressly military commodities.However, which body shall be in charge of regulating those goods that may be used for both civil and military purposes (dual-use goods) remains in question. Koutrakos reminds us that the Common commercial message Policy established in EC 113 grants exclusive competency to the Community itself. Without this competency in the hands of the EC, the Member States might be inclined to act in a way contrary to the intentions of the Community and create mistrust among the members.23In cases where the goods in question are military in nature and a Member State wishes to derogate from the terms of the Treaty, the effects of doing so are subject to a counterbalance test. This test ascertains that no other measure, less restrictive from the point of view of the free movement of goods, commensurate of achieving the same objective could have been performed in its place. Th e measure must also achieve a maximal amount of good for the Member State with the most minimal of adverse effects on the Community as a whole.24Moreover, the provisions of Article 296 do not automatically apply to any country as it regards military security. This article has to be invoked by any party that perceives the necessity to curtail or otherwise regulate the trade of defence products. In that case, the state must also be on the watch to offer reasons why such action is necessary, as the burden of proof lies on that state. The EC Court then has the right to intensely scrutinise the actions and motives of the Member state that chooses to derogate from the provision of the Treaty via Article 296. It also has the power to demand that it change its policy back to that of the EC if the motives prove unethical or the reasons inadequate.One such case is the Commission vs. Spain25, in which the Spanish government had enacted laws exempting from the value-added tax (VAT) exports an d transfers of military goods within the Community and to third countries. The argument by the Spanish government was that the measure was necessary for the health of the defence industry, and that such a measure was protected under the provisions of EC 296(1)(b).The Community itself invoked EC 226, which gives the Commission the right to give an opinion on any matter in which it considers that the state has not complied with the terms of the Treaty.26 The Court ruled that any interpretation of Article 296 should be a limited one. So that where the choice of words of the article gives the apparent idea that all measures considered necessary by the Member States are viable, the Court emphasises that the states must be able to prove the necessity of those actions in order for them to go unchecked. In this way, Spain was forced to change its policy, and the EC law demonstrated a significant amount of control over the defence industry of Member States.Yet the Spanish derogation was a f rivolous attempt, and represented what might be seen as a much lower level of scrutiny by the Court than other cases might. another(prenominal) states with much more dire cases could conceivably be granted much more autonomy with regard to the regulation of their own portion of the defence market. The Member States have usually interpreted this article (EC 296) to mean that the exemption of defence material from the terms of the Treaty occurred automatically.On the other hand, the Community has held that any derogation by Member States must be according to strict rules testable by the aforementioned proportionality test. This would therefore mean that it is not only in the case of Spains obviously opportunistic case, but in all cases that the Treaty would in general apply to hard defence material and the Community has jurisdiction over these products unless a Member State can prove the existence of a situation justifying derogation from the regime.27Other complications stem from t he second part of Article EC 296(1)(b). This reads, Such measures shall not adversely affect the conditions of competition in the common market regarding products which are not intended for specifically military purposes. In the case between the Republic of Portugal and the Commission,28 it was held by the Portuguese government that during the privatisation of the company Cimpor-Cimentos, no buyer would be able to acquire rights amounting to more than 10% of the shares. This privilege was reserved only for the Portuguese government.The Commissioners brought this government to the Court because its actions had in their view breached the EC laws against interference with competition. The Commission did acknowledge, however, that had the Portuguese law been concerned with matters of national security, an exception would have been made for the case. However, even in a Portuguese appeal to the Court, the opinion given by support General Tizzano was that the appeal be rejected on the gro unds that the action of that government served to impede competition on the European market. Therefore, though this case demonstrates that the ECJ clearly has the authority to force the compliance of Member States on questions of competition, it does sometimes refrain from this if/when defence equipment is involved.The Italian case C-423/98, Alfredo Albore 2000 ECR I-5965 concerned the right of any EU citizen to purchase land in any Member State. The Italian government made it illegal for the German citizen to purchase land declared of military importance to the country. Though this land, not being an expressly military commodity, does for that reason fall under the jurisdiction of the Treaty, the Court decided to allow the Italians derogation through the invocation of Article 296 and the declaration of the land a matter of national defence.ConclusionSome goods that are used by civilians and that can also be used for military purposes are regulated by the Commission. In other situat ions where countries accord merger rights or subsidies to certain business for military purposes, the Commission has a right to intervene and in those situations can be seen as regulating the countrys defence industry. Goods and services that are considered of military importance to a country may not always be explicitly military or differentiable from goods/services designated for civilian use. In those cases where the Commission has jurisdiction, the right is theirs to allow or prohibit the actions of a Member State government.The Treaties, procural Directives, and Merger Regulations of the European Community function in such a way as to promote a healthy market economy in which no producer or country has an unfair advantage with regard to the manufacture or sale of its product. The nature of the defence industry dictates that its functions often come under the regulations of the European Community, and this often indicates the possibility of national security problems for Member States. Because of this, several of the articles in these treaties/regulations allow for derogation from their provisions.Yet, in many cases this allowance has proven equivocal to the point where the European Court of Justice has had to become involved. The European Commission works hard to mug up a method of regulation that accounts for the security of the individual states while maintaining the freedom of the Common Market but as yet, where competition and merger control concerns public procurement and trade of dual-use goods, the EC still exercises, to a significant extent, control over the defence industry of its Member States.ReferencesAnders, Holger. (2004). Controlling arms brokering next step for EU Member States. GRIP p6.Arrowsmith, Sue. (1995). The application of the EC Treaty rules to public and utilities procurement. Public Procurement justness Review. 6.255-280.Arrowsmith, Sue. (2002). The EC procurement directives, national procurement policies, and better gover nance the case for a new approach. 27(1), 3-24.Competition Mergers (Overview). Europa. Accessed 2 March, 2006. http//europa.eu.int/comm/competition/publications/special/3_merger.pdfCommission of the European Communities v Kingdom of Belgium (C-252/01). Official Journal of the European Union. (2003). C 289/3. http//europa.eu.int/eur- lex/pri/en/oj/dat/2003/c_289/c_28920031129en00030003.pdfconsolidated version of the Treaty establishing the European Community. (2002). Official Journal of the European Communities. C 325/33.Eikenberg, Katharina. (2000) Article 290 (ex. 223) and external trade in strategic goods. European Law Review. 25(2), 117-138.Georgopoulos, Aris. (2005). Defence procurement and EU law. European Law Review. 30(4), 559-572.Georgopoulos, Aris. (2003). Industrial and market issues in European defence the Commission Communication of 2003 on harmonisation and ease of defence markets. Public Procurement Law Review. 4.NA82-89.Fourth Annual paper on the implementatio n of the EU spliff Action of 12July 2002 on the European Unions contribution to combating the destabilising assemblage and spread of small arms and light weapons (2002/589/CFSP). (2005). Official Journal of the European Communities. C 109, vol. 48.P. 0001 0025. http//europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX 52005XG0504(01)ENhypertext markup languageKoutrakos, Panos. (1998). Exports of dual-use goods under the law of the European Union. European Law Review. 23(3) 235-251OKeeffe, D. Branton, J. (2006). State Aid and Public Procurement A Practical Guide. Hammonds. http//www.hammonds.com/FileServer.aspx?oID=21843Portuguese Republic v Commission of the European Communities (C-42/01). CVRIA. (2004). http//curia.eu.int/jurisp/cgi-bin/form.pl?lang=enSaggio, Antonio. (1999). Association glise de Scientologie de genus Paris and Scientology International Reserves Trust versus the Republic of France. Opinion of Advocate General Saggio. CVRIA. http//curia.eu.int/ jurisp/cgi- bin/form.pl?lang=enSubmit=Submitalldocs=alldocsdocj=docjdocop=doco pdocor=docordocjo=docjonumaff=datefs=datefe=nomusuel=domain e=mots=military+arms+goodsresmax=100Trybus, Martin. (2002). The EC Treaty as an instrument of European defence integration judicial scrutiny of defence and security exceptions. Common Market Law Review. 39. 1347-1372.Trybus, Martin. (2005). A fine balance free movement and public security in the EC Treaty. European Union Law and Defence Integration. stag Oxford.Trybus, Martin. (0000). European defence procurement toward a comprehensive approach. European Public Law. Vol. 4(1). 111-133.Trybus, Martin. (2004). The limits of European Community competence for defence. European Foreign Affairs Review. 9, 189-217.Trybus, Martin. (2000). On the application of the EC Treaty to armaments. European Law Review. 25(6), 663-668.Trybus, Martin. (2002). Procurement for the build up forces balancing security and the internal market. European Law Review. 2 7(6), 692-713.Trybus, Martin. (2000). The recent judgement in Commission vs. Spain and the procurement of hard defence material. Public Procurement Law Review. 4. NA 99-103.1 Georgopoulos, Aris. (2005). Defence procurement and EU law. European Law Review. 30(4), 559-572.2 Fourth Annual Report on the implementation of the EU Joint Action of 12July 2002.3 Article 2. Consolidated version of the Treaty establishing the European Community. (2002). Official Journal of the European Communities. C. 325/33.4 Trybus, Martin. (2004). The limits of European Community competence for defence. European Foreign Affairs Review. 9, 189-217.5 Competition Mergers (Overview). Europa. http//europa.eu.int/comm/competition/publications/special/3_merger.pdf6 Arrowsmith, Sue. (2002). The EC procurement directives, national procurement policies, and better governance the case for a new approach. 27(1), 3-24.7 Trybus, Martin. (2002). Procurement for the armed forces balancing security and the internal market. European Law Review. 27(6), 692-713.8 OKeeffe, D. Branton, J. (2006). State Aid and Public Procurement A Practical Guide. Hammonds. http//www.hammonds.com/FileServer.aspx?oID=218439 Arrowsmith, Sue. (2002). The EC procurement directives, national procurement policies, and better governance the case for a new approach. 27(1), 3-24.10 Trybus, Martin. (0000). European defence procurement toward a comprehensive approach. European Public Law. Vol. 4(1). 111-133.11 Commission of the European Communities v Kingdom of Belgium (C-252/01). Official Journal of the European Union. (2003). C 289/3.12 Ibid.13 Anders, Holger. (2004). Controlling arms brokering next steps for EU member states. GRIP p6.14 Trybus, Martin. (2005). A fine balance free movement and public security in the EC Treaty. European Union Law and Defence Integration. Hart Oxford.15 Any Member State may take such measures as it considers necessary for the protection of theessential interests of its security which are connected with the production of or trade in arms,munitions and war material such measures shall not adversely affect the conditions of competitionin the common market regarding products which are not intended for specifically militarypurposes. . Consolidated version of the Treaty establishing the European Community. (2002). Official Journal of the European Communities. C. 325/33.16 Trybus, Martin. (0000). European defence procurement toward a comprehensive approach. European Public Law. Vol. 4(1). 111-133.17 Ibid.18 Trybus, Martin. (2005). European Union Law and Defence Integration. Hart Oxford.19 Georgopoulos, Aris. (2003). Industrial and market issues in European defence the Commission Communication of 2003 on harmonisation and liberalisation of defence markets. Public Procurement Law Review. 4.NA82-89.20 Ibid.21 Eikenberg, Katharina. (2000) Article 290 (ex. 223) and external trade in strategic goods. European Law Review. 25(2), 117-138.22 Arrowsmith, Sue. (1995). The application of the EC Treaty rules to public and utilities procurement. Public Procurement Law Review. 6.255-280.23 in a higher place n.2 at 1364. Qtd. in Koutrakos, Panos. (1998). Exports of dual-use goods under the law of the European Union. European Law Review. 23(3) 235-25124 Trybus, Martin. (2002). The EC Treaty as an instrument of European defence integration judicial scrutiny of defence and security exceptions. Common Market Law Review. 39. 1347-1372.25 Trybus, Martin. The recent judgement in Commission vs. Spain and the procurement of hard defence material. 4. NA 99-103.26 Consolidated version of the Treaty establishing the European Community. (2002). Official Journal of the European Communities. C. 325/33.27 Trybus, Martin. The recent judgement in Commission vs. Spain and the procurement of hard defence material. 4. NA 99-103.28 Portuguese Republic v Commission of the European Communities (C-42/01). Cvria. (2004).

To Kill a Mockingbird Research Allusion Essay Example for Free

To Kill a scoffer Research Allusion EssayIn To Kill a Mockingbird allusions are used throughout the book. An allusion is a passing or casual reference an incidental point of reference of something, either directly or by implication. In chapter 11 Scout uses the allusion, this looks like you, to try to shelter Jem up. It was referring to due south Hall. He was an American Football player. He played college football as a halfback at the University of Alabama from 1932 to 1934 and with the Washington Redskins of the NFL in 1937. Howell was also the head football coach at Arizona situate Teachers College, from 1938 to 1941 and at the University of Idaho from 1947 to 1950, compiling a career coaching record of 36355 in American college football. Dixie Howell was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1970.Howell was one of the shell punters. Howell also had an uncredited role in the movie, The Adventures of Frank Merriwell as a football player. Scouts all usion to Dixie Howell is to comfort Jem since he loves football. By telling him that Dixie Howell looks like him, she is telling him that he comes first and takes priority over Dixie Howell who was a famous NFL football player and coach. This also shows Scouts deep understanding of Jem. although manifestation This looks like you may seem like a meaningless compliment, Scout knows that because of his love for football and how he is associated with it, this would be a major honor for him to have anything similar to one of the greatest football players at that time. Thats how the allusion is used in the book.Howell, Dixie. Dixie Howell ENotes.com Reference. Enotes.com. Enotes.com, n.d. Web. 16 Sept. 2012. .

Mattel and Toy Safety Essay Example for Free

Mattel and victimize Safety EssayFor the better part of 30 historic period now, corporate executives have strugg direct with the issue of the firms certificate of indebtedness to its society. Early on it was argued by some that the corporations sole responsibility was to return a maximum financial return to shareholders. It became quickly apparent to everyone, however, that this pursuit of financial hit had to take place within the laws of the land.Though social activist groups and others through pop out the 1960s advocated a broader whimsicality of corporate responsibility, it was not until the authoritative social legislation of the early 1970s that this message became indelibly make water as a result of the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Equal Employment prospect Commission (EEOC), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). These new goernmental bodies established that nation al public policy now officially recognized the environment, employees, and consumers to be significant and accredited stakeholders of business. From that time on, corporate executives have had to wrestle with how they balance their commitments to the corporations owners with their obligations to an ever-broadening group of stakeholders who claim both legal and respectable rights. A. B. Carroll, (1991). In this paper I will discuss the issue of swindle golosh in part to Mattel, Inc. , one of the worlds leading flirt makers.Mattel had ordered a series of recalls of childrens playthings that had been found to be coated with lead paint. The toy recalls had alarmed parents and consumer activists, as well as the toy industry, retailers who marketed their proceedss, and product guard duty regulators. I will address the delineateing circumstances that involved Mattel and their safety issues. Do I conceive that Mattel acted in a socially responsible and ethical manner with regard to the safety of its toys? wherefore or why not? What should or could Mattel have done differently, if anything?Who or what do I believe was responsible for the fact that children were exposed to potentially dangerous toys and why? What is the better(p) expressive style to ensure the safety of childrens toys? In responding, I will consider how the following groups would answer this question government regulators (in the U. S. and China) consumer advocates, the toy industry, childrens product retailers and standard-setting organizations. What might explain the differences in their point of view? What do you think is the best way for society to protect children from harmful toys?Specifically, what are the appropriate roles for various stakeholders in this process? Mattel fellowship is the largest toy company in the world, a publicly traded organization with a market capitalization of over $6. 5 billion, employing approximately 36,000 people worldwide in 42 countries. Their produc ts are sold in one hundred fifty nations In the summer of 2007, Mattel suffered a major product recall incident. The first recall was the result of seller failure in China where traces of lead paint were discovered on 83 different products. This led to a recall of 1. 5 million items worldwide.The products contained levels of lead paint that failed the products specification. Mattel even announced that a significant portion of the toys were recalled beca rehearse of a design flaw and not substandard manufacturing. Mattel requires the factories it contracts with to use paint and other materials provided by certified suppliers. Mattel executives said they did not know if the contract manufacturer substituted paint from a noncertified supplier or if a certified supplier caused the problem. I believe that Mattel acted in a socially responsible and ethical manner with regard to the safety of its toys.During this crisis, Mattel contacted their chief suppliers and asked them to pull the re called products from the shelf. I think this was the appropriate thing to do in this case. First things first, pulling the product and afterwards warning the public of their finding so we could start the lead painted toys out of the hands of our kids. Then getting down to the problem, trying to figure out where they went wrong to correct the problem. I do believe that this incident could have been avoided, but it was handled in a perfectly responsible and ethical manner.Some of the things that I think Mattel could have done differently from the setoff were to lay out rules and regulations for all of its external vendors and their subcontractors that were cutting corners to save money and time. Some of these subcontractors chose to violate the rules and use paint that was coated with lead, which went against Mattels rules. Perhaps if Mattel would have ran periodical checks with the suppliers and subcontractors the lead paint could have been caught forwards the toys went out.Althou gh it was unintended, Mattel is the responsible one for the fact that children were exposed to potentially dangerous toys. According to the case study and disposed factors, Mattel has always held a reputation of being a good corporate citizen and their intentions were never something like this to happen. barely because Mattel fail to follow up on their guidelines and set rules with vendors and subcontractors to assure they too were complying within guidelines, it all locomote back on the originating organization itself.Mattel Inc.CEO, Robert Ekert reported that the company could have done a better military control overseeing the subcontractors in China which produce more than 21 million toys that were recalled. Federal regulators and toy manufacturers have spy loose Chinese standards spotty US enforcement which contributed too many calls regarding the recalls of Chinese- do toys, food and other products regarding wellness threats. Ekert made an attempt to bring down public outc ry by going to the Senate Appropriations subcommittee to seek to test the safety of Chinese-made products within their own laboratories that are certified within their own company. Magyck, S. 2011).Upon my reading and research the best way to ensure the safety of childrens toys is through the U. S. toy safety standards and regulations. plaything safety standards are molded by a variety of considerations, including research on child development, dynamic safety testing, and risk analysis. The chief(a) safety standards for the U. S. toy industry are the authorization federal official standard (Code of Federal Regulations, Commercial Practices 16 16CFR) and the toy industry has also developed and adheres to voluntary standards (ASTM F963-03 Standard Consumer Safety Specification on Toy Safety).In addition to adhering to the federal requirements and additional self-imposed safety measures, the toy industry has initiated reassurance testing to swear the safety of the toys already on th e shelves. At the same time, the toy industry is developing a new, mandatory testing protocol by accredited laboratories in conjunction with the well-respected American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The U. S. toy industry understands the concerns many parents have about the safety of toys on the market and is encouraging the U. S.Congress to prolong comprehensive legislation on consumer product safety.The toy industry is also providing additional resources to inform consumers and parents and provide useful tools through this site and through partnerships with independent consumer organizations. The toy industry is also building with health and safety experts to provide parents and consumers with practical tips and relevant information. In the U. S. , the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is the independent federal agency that oversees the safety of toys and other consumer products.Nearly 50% of the CPSCs resources ($66 million annually) are used towards the a gencys work on toys and other childrens products. The CPSC enforces the U. S. requirements for toy safety and, along with the manufacturer or distributor, issues product recalls as needed. Toy Industry Association (2011). I believe the best way for society to protect children from harmful toys is to follow along the lines, the eight steps that the Consumers Union proposed to help safeguard the health and safety of American consumers from the encroachment of unsafe Chinese-produced consumer products and foods.

Chinese Ccot Essay Example for Free

Chinese Ccot EssayCAC Global trade patterns and domestic stinting affairs was significant to the humanity. It affects how well the country is running and makes it under control. Global trade patterns and domestic frugal affairs has revisiond and continued in mainland chinaware from calciferol to 1750. As age progressed, trade patterns and the economy became educate and prominent. Many pot began to depend and on the economic issues. Currency has changed into currency which became a massive demand. Today, the global trade patterns and domestic economic affairs is the way due to history. Due to unfortunate circumstances mired changed in currency and a look of diffusion, Chinese economy shifted a bit. As mainland China authentic lost contact with foreign regions and faced different conflicts, they changed trade patterns and domestic affairs. From the time period of 500 to 1750, the change and continuity of the use of Silk Road/Indian Ocean basin, the use of currency, and exporting goods excited in the global trade patterns and domestic economic affairs. China has prospered from the Silk Road from a long period of time. at one time the Silk Road was established, it led to establishments of other intricate network of trade routes. It was a trade route crossways land masses which connected East, South, and Western Asia. Trades on the Silk Road was a significant factor in the development of the great civilizations and it helped lay foundations for the modern initiation. Many goods such as jewelries, spices, medicines, textiles, and etc were traded. The Silk Road was a point of reference of cultural and economic diffusion between Asian and European societies. The Silk Road was always active and it became genuinely prominent in the later years.However, due to bubonic plague (Black Death) that traveled, many merchants died and got ill. Also, at that place were many bandits there who stole stuff so many people started to not use the road. Also, soon, the oceanic trade got frequent so many people got involved in the seafaring trade in the ocean. The Silk Road became slight utilize and slowly lost fame. Due to the diffusion that went in and out, its disconnection had a significant lean on China. China lost contact with foreign people and lost relationship with the outside world of global ideas, cultures, and technology.China especially became limited in foreign affairs with the Europeans. Not many people traded and not many people came into the Silk Road so it led to the downfall of Chinas economy. The continuity that occurred was that the Silk Road was sedate being used. Even though all these disasters were occurring, people were still using the Silk Road to trade and to traveling. China depended and used the barter system for a long period of time. The barter system was trading detail for an item and relying on interpersonal relationships for business.However, under the Ming dynasty, the currency was changed into silver. Silver was being imported and exported from many regions into China, where well-to-do domestic economy demanded increasing quantities of silver. The demand of silver was so high that Europeans exchanged silver for Chinese gold which they got more profit from in Japan. The Ming dynasty in China only accepted silver and postal code else. All taxes were to be paid with silver and traded with silver which led to the frantic demand of silver. The monopolization of silver led many people to get silver because only silver was accepted.However, the silver became overpriced since it was used as currency which led the Ming dynasty to not release silver in public. his lack of circulation had a huge impact on the economy which led to the downfall of the Ming dynasty. The change in currency damaged the Chinese economy so the currency changed. However, they used the currency to make the economy running by changing currencies. From the time period from 500 to 1750, China always has been manufac turing and producing their own needs. They imported goods they didnt have or things that couldnt be grown in their region but it wasnt common.Also, China always been exporting because of the amount of resources they had(huge). Their goods changed as time progressed and they imported/exported different goods. The Chinese people exported luxury times, slaves, jewelries, corn, and etc from different time periods. However, they were always exporting goods which circulated and stimulated the world economy today too. China supported silver during the Ming dynasty which became in very high demand. China exported large amount of goods of luxury items in order to pay for the silver.The continuity that occurred was always has using the Indian Ocean toilet for trade and exporting goods. It was their maritime trade route which has been continuous like the Silk Road. Chinese cargos constantly roamed around the Indian Ocean Basin. exporting and selling goods all over the world, stimulating the w orld economy. Chinas global trade patterns and domestic economic affairs changed and continued from 500 to 1750. China always had resources and goods available. China didnt have to import often because most of the products were often produced or grown in China.However, China exported lots of things under the Indian Ocean basin. Not only did they only use the Indian Ocean Basin but also the Silk Road. The Silk Road was an important factor in trading and in diffusion. However, due to diseases, maritime trade, and bandits, the Silk Road lost fame. The change of in currency into silver under the Ming dynasty also had a super impact on Chinas economy. These factors had a significant impact in the circulation of global ideas, traditions, and technology. These factors also led to the change and continuity of global trade patterns and domestic economic affairs from 500 to 1750.